French University Reform Essays

French University Reform Essays French University Reform Essay French University Reform Essay It is on Thursday eight of November when the professor arrived to learn in one of higher establishment of larning to happen merely four out of a category of about 50 pupils sited in the schoolroom waiting for their right to instruction. But once more to the amazement of the lector the door had been locked by the janitors. no furniture that were indoors ; doubtless concluded that was traveling to be a wholly different twenty-four hours. and no acquisition was traveling to take topographic point. Has been like in the instance the twenty-four hours before. a good figure of pupils had gone on work stoppage ; non truly protesting against modest as was being claimed governments in the running of the universities. but the evident extremist reforms the Gallic authorities had proposed for privatising higher larning instruction system that was in desperate demand of. Nowhere else in any universities runing from Harvard to Haifa. the free university of Berlin to Wichita province can one brush such sort of higher instruction as inefficient. helter-skelter. perversely bureaucratic and at the same clip dysfunctional as the higher instruction system like that of French. : It is even interesting that an American professor in the Gallic system does non merely experience displaced but feels holding landed wholly on another planet. This is because everything every bit far as higher instruction system is concerned is a muss ; from substructure. a module office to student lodging. nice wages for talks. to even ample schoolrooms everything that is necessary for both instruction and research ( Lowenthal 1998: 1-5 ) . What existent was in France. was democracy merely as a name and equality of chance which ill practiced in higher establishments. this lead to over crowded schoolrooms. underpaid professors. an ugly state of affairs where module offices are shared between eight to ten teachers. in add-on. the system was mired in a batch of bureaucratism ; for illustration for one to acquire some photocopies you have to go through through a series of secretaries in the signifiers of gum elastic casts and in add-on you have a to halt at several offices before you at long last acquire the service done. but sing all this. the authorities still calls it democratic ; to me seems it is democratic because it reduces wholly everything to the lowest possible common denominator. I am stating this because this is a county which is really unequal in its instruction system since through high school. it does a really recommendable occupation but on making to higher degrees its purpose seems to be fiscal procuring. in the sense that it spends really small in higher academic acquisition in order to salvage money at the disbursal of the immature people who deserve it. so I may inquire. is at that place any demand of puting so much in high school or secondary instruction? The Gallic parliament adapted Torahs which allows universities more autonomy to pull off their assets and budgets recruit staff and design classs. make partnerships with concern and in add-on to look for more support from private fiscal corporations. it besides gives particular power to university caputs. sing that even in America Universities have really high liberty. and power caputs ( Lowenthal 1998: 3-8 ) . The students’ presentation was need for extremist alteration in higher instruction direction ; from finance. mercantile establishments for alumnuss in using their instruction. to the choice of pupils. And as such. the extremist reforms that were suggested by the present authorities have been strongly resisted by many people and professionals from all back evidences and they include the harmonisation of Gallic Diplomas to degrees that would do them go fundamentally a bachelor’s. a master’s and PhD with the of remainder of Europe and in add-on a grater localisation of authorization over Gallic universities. this will as a consequence allow single universities more autonomy over their budgets. But what about modest proposals the pupils were showing against? In the proposed extremist alteration. the authorities backed off organize them for the chief ground that many people in France don’t prefer such proposals for they raise the dark ghost of an elitist and undemocratic system which would therefore mean that instruction will be merely for the rich which they besides falsely assume happens in America. However. it is non a frailty with its upfront in chase of a nice system of higher instruction which will make off with inequality as seen by many Gallic Authorities. Again the authorities needs to set some good sum of money although it might be root of immorality like an American professor who teaches in France puts it. There is a point at which excessively much democracy like excessively much pasties before dinner can take to a sort of facile and simplistic inebriation. For though money may good be at the root of all evil. it can besides pave the route to a greater justness. a more benevolent. though still imperfect. universe. Indeed. the major difference I have therefore far seem between the purportedly elite university where I besides teach the institute detades politiques de Paris. for which most pupils pass an entryway test and pay around $ 31000 in one-year tuition. and in the more democratic one the former plants. A manageable figure of pupils really show up in a schoolroom designed to suit them conveying with them the books from which they can really larn ( Rahul 2007: 4-7 ) The participants of the presentation denounced the denationalization of higher instruction. those hazards of diktat of private companies and demanded an addition in subscription fees. in add-on they besides cried for the declining societal inequality. This is because the integrating of private companies in regulating secondary schools regulating boards and funding higher instruction would be biased towards topics oriented or inclined towards their concern demands and automatically topics like literature. history and sociology would be extremely suppressed. The release motion on November 9 would hold slowed down but was heightened by so. so deteriorating societal clime. This made the authorities to denounce the work stoppage and all encirclements as fundamentally a political motion tormented by one side. with its ain purpose to hurt of the involvement of the pupils. As the presentation was traveling on Valerie Pecrease met with the pupils. brotherhood on for treatments. and in the meeting he told the pupils that the jurisprudence can non modify harmonizing to their demands but supported adjustment an amendment that was put frontward by the Union for a popular motion ( UPM ) . and promised to add? 11 million to the proposed 2008 budget. But the leader of UNEF pupil brotherhood claimed that the addition was clear grant to the mobilization and it was a good sign but insufficient and at the same clip urged pupils to mobilise more in order to win other grants. The jurisprudence was subsequently adopted in parliament and the brotherhood accommodated itself to it. One of the first European Union’ Lisbon scheme is to allow more liberty for university which is besides set out by the European council set in Lisbon in March 2000. to make Europe. by 2010. the most competitory and the most dynamic cognition based economic system in the world ( Rahul 2007: 5-7 ) However Gallic is behind in doing this sort of reforms to enable it vie in a planetary cognition based economic system. Such reforms are really critical for its capitalist economy which presently falls behind its challengers. However. president Sarkozy promises to prosecute reform plan. although he is tepid about it. All the same pupils don’t have much support. even the support from societal party has non given its support to the UEF nevertheless. even if it gives its support its place is the same like that of UNEF. The socialist party supports the rule of the jurisprudence and gives much consideration on the extremely dissentious inquiry of the encirclements. because they are the agencies of enlarging the motion. in my sentiment. they forget that today one does non hold to barricade the university to enable him convert the pupils. However. one might non fault the authorities because the current privatization of the universities is mostly based on ignorance of the current existing pattern and refusal to compare and measure. as in like even a more efficient higher instruction system of United States. In the terminal. they will finally perpetuate an undemocratic. and underfinanced system that offers pupils deficient preparation and to the state as a whole at the same clip it gives the state a degree of research below its criterion of what it is capable of accomplishing. This will further increases the inequalities among pupils. the spread between universities and the Grandes Ecoles in France. and in conclusion between Gallic and foreign establishments ( Rahul 2007: 7-9 ) This in the existent sense. it means future employment are at interest we therefore need to take the bravery to interrupt this tabu or else we continue droping farther. Work cited Lowenthal. M. ( 1998 ) . In the article Unsanctioned projects for Gallic university reform higher instruction Quarterly 22 ( 4 ) ; 1-8 Rahul. K. ( 2007 ) . In the article French pupils mobilise against university reform ; 1-9

Guidelines for Revising a Composition

Guidelines for Revising a Composition Revision  means  looking again  at what we have written to see how we can improve it. Some of us start revising as soon as we begin a rough  draftrestructuring and rearranging sentences as we work out our ideas. Then we return to the draft, perhaps several times, to make further revisions. Revision as Opportunity Revising is an opportunity to reconsider our topic, our readers, even our purpose for writing. Taking the time to rethink our approach may encourage us to make major changes in the content and structure of our work. As a general rule, the best time to revise is not right after youve completed a draft (although at times this is unavoidable). Instead, wait a few hourseven a day or two, if possiblein order to gain some distance from your work. This way youll be less protective of your writing and better prepared to make changes.   One last bit of advice: read your work aloud when you revise. You may hear problems in your writing that you cant see. Never think that what youve written cant be improved. You should always try to make the sentence that much better and make a scene that much clearer. Go over and over the words and reshape them as many times as is needed.(Tracy Chevalier, Why I Write. The Guardian, Nov. 24, 2006) Revision Checklist Does the essay have a clear and concise main idea? Is this idea made clear to the reader in a thesis statement early in the essay (usually in the introduction)?Does the essay have a specific purpose (such as to inform, entertain, evaluate, or persuade)? Have you made this purpose clear to the reader?Does the introduction create interest in the topic and make your audience want to read on?Is there a clear plan and sense of organization to the essay? Does each paragraph develop logically from the previous one?Is each paragraph clearly related to the main idea of the essay? Is there enough information in the essay to support the main idea?Is the main point of each paragraph clear? Is each point adequately and clearly defined in a topic sentence and supported with specific details?Are there clear transitions from one paragraph to the next? Have key words and ideas been given proper emphasis in the sentences and paragraphs?Are the sentences clear and direct? Can they be understood on the first reading? Are the sentences varied in length and structure? Could any sentences be improved by combining or restructuring them? Are the words in the essay clear and precise? Does the essay maintain a consistent tone?Does the essay have an effective conclusionone that emphasizes the main idea and provides a sense of completeness? Once you have finished revising your essay, you can turn your attention to the finer details of editing and proofreading your work.

Global Warming & Climate Change Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Warming & Climate Change - Article Example Johannessen notes that global warming is so alarming because it is not only being contributed for by nature, only but also human activities. According to Johannessen, the issue is too vital due to the increasing and further expected increase of the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. For instance, he argues that the amount of this gas was recorded high in the year 2011 and the value is expected to increase in the years to come. Notably, it is true that global warming is threatening the world and its leaders. However, global warming cannot only attribute to the increased emission into the atmosphere. In fact, even if human beings stop emitting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, global warming will still be a threat since the ozone is already depleted and it contributes to the increase of generation of greenhouse gases through radical reaction mechanisms into the atmosphere. As Johannessen note, it is true that carbon dioxide is a threat of increasing global warming and they can be released into the atmosphere naturally and through human activities. Nonetheless, there is an increased human activity including industrialization activities that put the world at much greater risk of global warming. However, Johannessen should consider that the atmosphere has no walls; therefore, the environmental effects initiated from a certain location will automatically spread to entirely all parts of the world (Archer, 201 2). Therefore, the efforts to reduce globalization should be contributed for by all nations of the world.

World Economies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World Economies - Article Example evident increases in purchasing power, global economies have been noted to potentially increase their products to America and other developed nations, which in turn, could further buoyed too much optimism of economic growth. The danger, according to the information, was that other economies could become too complacent and forget the fact that there are still other important economic aspects that need to be addressed. The perception of growth in world economies could apparently drive complacency to a point where more important economic reforms could be forgotten or stalled. One agrees with this assertion given that based on reported experiences on world economies, good news would usually put economic legislators into a momentary status quo since positive growth rates apparently indicate that economic measures have been effective in achieving economic targets. However, it could be deduced that the interconnected nature of world economies should put each economy into assuming a proactive stance at looking beyond current positive patterns and anticipating what these potentials could impact on future economic conditions. In fact, globally, the problem on jobs continue to exist and remain to be a persistent problem that needs to be addressed; despite positive patterns in various economic indicators. "Why optimism may be bad news." 4 January 2014. The Economist. http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21592613-good-news-about-global-growth-risks-pushing-interest-rates-up-and-politicians-appetite-reform. 14 February

Antivuris Programs Essay Example for Free

Antivuris Programs Essay Today, people rely on computers to create, store, and manage critical information, many times via a home computer network. Information transmitted over networks has a higher degree of security risk than information kept in a user’s home or company premises. Thus, it is crucial that they take measures to protect their computers and data from loss, damage, and misuse resulting from computer security risks. Antivirus programs are an effective way to protect a computer against viruses. An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer virus found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files. When you purchase a new computer, it often includes antivirus software. Antivirus programs work by scanning for programs that attempt to modify the boot program, the operating system, and other programs that normally are read from but not modified. In addition, many antivirus programs automatically scan files downloaded from the Web, e-mail attachments, opened files, and all types of removable media inserted in the computer (Karanos 201-205). One Technique that antivirus programs use to identify a virus is to look for virus signatures, or virus definitions, which are known specific patterns of virus code. According to Shelly and Cashman (Antivirus Programs), many vendors of antivirus programs allow registered users to update virus signature files automatically from the Web at no cost for a specified time. Updating the Antivirus program’s signature files regularly is important, because it will download any new virus definitions that have been added since the last update. Methods that guarantee a computer or network is safe from computer viruses simply do not exist. Installing, updating, and using an antivirus program, though, is an effective technique to safeguard your computer from loss.

Lord Byron vs. Caroline Lamb :: Poet Poem Poetic Essays

Lord Byron vs. Caroline Lamb Throughout his poem, Don Juan Lord Byron is poking fun at other poets, critics, and society. He places himself in a position of elevation, which Caroline Lamb then mocks in her rebuttal poem, A New Canto. Lamb was distraught when Byron broke off their love affair. She was obsessed and stalked him. The dedication segment of Don Juan is directed towards Robert Southey, and Byron takes the opportunity to make fun of the â€Å"Lakers,† or the lake poets in regards to their political stance. (see poem) He also does not leave out mention of the â€Å"bluestockings† which Lamb was a part of. (see poem) Once Byron embarks on his first canto, his initial statement makes fun of the traditional epic style. Instead of following suit and beginning in medias res, he proclaims to begin with the birth of his hero and tell about his education and parents for the first canto. The romantic interlude with Julia is also covered in this canto; it is what inevitably causes Don Juan to flee and take board on a ship. In accordance with his mocking of the traditional epic, instead of the hero telling his story, Byron is the narrator. It is as if he is the one sitting around a table telling the story. A common technique of Byron in this piece is to insert himself within the story and speak directly to the reader (see poem). He includes many tangents, on which he either makes a sneering, yet humorous comment (see poem), or adds in his own experiences or feelings about the topic at hand (see poem). Many times these tangents seem unrelated to the text, (line 1700ish) and only serve as a chance for Byron to say his piece on something he finds interesting or relevant in placing himself as distinct from the rest (line 697). These lines of humor are made more apparent through the rhythmic nature of his rhymes, and the placement of the individual lines (line 320-2). He tends to follow up a serious event or thought by a more trivial and light comment, making the first serious thing seem less heavy (line 752). Byron introduces many different forms of femininity through the different female characters in the poem. His mother is very good at math and a very learned person in general. (link) This was not the typical form of femininity that was always seen, because an education was hard to come by for some women.

Journey Of A Ham Sandwich

The start of the process – the mouth: The digestive process begins in the mouth. The ham sandwich is partly broken down by the process of chewing and by the chemical action of salivary enzymes (these enzymes are produced by the salivary glands and break down starches into smaller molecules).On the way to the stomach: the oesophagus – After being chewed and swallowed, the food enters the oesophagus. The oesophagus is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the stomach. It uses rhythmic, wave-like muscle movements (called peristalsis) to force food from the throat into the stomach. This muscle movement gives us the ability to eat or drink even when we're upside-down.In the stomach – The stomach is a large, sack-like organ that churns the food and bathes it in a very strong acid (gastric acid). Food in the stomach that is partly digested and mixed with stomach acids is called chyme.In the small intestine – After being in the stomach, food enters the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. It then enters the jejunum and then the ileum (the final part of the small intestine). In the small intestine, bile (produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder), pancreatic enzymes, and other digestive enzymes produced by the inner wall of the small intestine help in the breakdown of food.In the large intestine – After passing through the small intestine, food passes into the large intestine. In the large intestine, some of the water and electrolytes are removed from the food. Microbes are used in the large intestine to help in the digestion process. The first part of the large intestine is called the cecum (the appendix is connected to the cecum). Food then travels upward in the ascending colon. The food travels across the abdomen in the transverse colon, goes back down the other side of the body in the descending colon, and then through the sigmoid colon.The end of the process – Solid waste is then stored in the rectu m until it is excreted out of the anus.

Overstretched European families up against the demands of work and care Essay

Care Policies Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Care is defined as provision of what is appropriate for welfare, health, protection and maintenance of something or someone. Care policies are acts that that guides people to seek serious consideration or attention so that they can carry on with their daily activities in an appropriate manner. Care policies must be unique to the type of service being offered and be developed in cooperation with the service community. Policies are developed depending on the need or conditions. However, the policy has to be introduced to the community and explain the future plans of development. The main concern is to know how to develop policies that meet the needs of the society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In various parts of the continent there has been a reverse of roles whereby women are getting involved in paid employment. This has altered the traditional role of the father as the breadwinner of the family since this model presume that women can be dependent to care for children, frail and older relatives as well as disabled family members. The paper seeks to acknowledge how care policies are developed. The paper focus on the relationship connecting how constituencies formulate care claims and the manner these care policies are prepared and delivered in diverse regional, national and historical perspective. The main focus is on the care policies for employed parents in Europe, but it also briefly analyze policies for unpaid careers and disabled citizens.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The paper aim at providing an explanation within particular framework of the rapport between ; the connection of claims based on the needs of those who receive and those who provide care, the logics and political frames which are concerned to meet care needs, as well as the implications of such policies to distinct care providers and care receivers. The policy should be consistent with the values, goals and the mission of the service to be provided. The policy should as well be applicable to the management structure as well as the type of service being provided. The care policy should also follow the format used in other policies. There should also be regulatory and legislative mandates governing the policy as it apply to the type of service. This among other factors will determine how well the policy addresses the need and thus provide the service in the best way possible. Every year organizations are called upon to review their policies and procedures so that they can meet the required terms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The book Gender and social policy in a global context by Razavi and Hassim explain how economic and social rights have been traditionally prepared and modeled by the procedure of economic and political change, and by design and normative postulations of social institutions. The book reveals that these assumptions and processes are in depth gendered even in phases where official political parity has been achieved. The book uncovers the gendered structure of the society and it highlights the significance of thinking ahead of markets and states in societal provisioning, also incorporating interaction analysis between social institutions, especially family and society. Though there have been a lot of radicalization in the care and balance of work in many communities, the book shows in many circumstances these alterations have been reestablished rather than masculinity wrinkled inequalities. In order to acknowledge the results, it is important to explore the rapport between the values and presuppositions on which social institutions are represented in different nations and the approaches in which they have structured work access and burdens to entitlements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Policies and procedures describe how care providers can plan to operate their program. Working parents in Europe have easy access to openly funded schemes offering superior care. European countries provide appropriate alternative models of child care. However, different European countries have different systems of child care policies. For example, French child care is anticipated basically as early childhood education and is free to all kids despite of the socio-economic type. In France, many children are registered in the full-day and undergo same national scheme, with the same prospectus and their teachers are paid good salaries by the same state bureau. On the other hand, Denmark offers a â€Å"non-school model† with a primary aim of helping working parents not to educate their children. In European countries child care expenses are considered as a social liability and are funded by the public. European countries also highly rega rd the Family leave Act as compared to other nations such as United States. European legislative board also emphasizes on the number of hours that parent work as a significant factor that moulds the approach of how kids are thought about and people providing the care. European working parents work for few hours and weeks so that they can have time to care for their children. This is a very important step since parent care is not easy since it requires full attention. It poses very difficult to balance time between office work and taking responsibility as a parent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The rates of maternal employment are high in European countries, but parents are able to balance between work and family responsibility. There are three major care policies for working parents in Europe which are: publicly provided or subsidized early childhood care and education program, paid parenting leaves that allow parents to care for their children without forfeiting their income or jobs, and working time policies that increase alternatives for part-time, reduced-hour and high-quality employment. Collective-bargaining agreements and legislation forbid employers from mistreating part-time employees. European care policies that protect parental time are attached with superior public early childhood care and education program. In unison these policies back up provision of safe, developmentally nurturing care for kids since birth until the beginning of their primary school. In Sweden, working parents are entitled to 15 months paid paren tal leave and the parents also have statutory right to work for at least six hours a day until their children turn 8 years. European countries acknowledge the importance of parent care since the parent is the child’s first teacher. Parent care is very crucial since it will shape the child development process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, European care policies are far much better off as compared to other countries such as United States. In European countries child care expenses are well thought-out as social responsibility and are funded by the public while in U.S. parents pay for child care services. European countries formulate care policies to protect the working parent by offering alternatives such as part-time, reduced-hour and high-quality employment. These care policies in European countries are very crucial to working parents since they help the parent to balance between work and family responsibility. References Boca, D. (2007). Social policies, labour markets and motherhood: a comparative analysis of European countries. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. DrobnicÃÅ'Å’, S. (2011). Work-life balance in Europe: the role of job quality. Houndmills, Basingstoke Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. KroÃÅ'ˆger, T., & SipilaÃÅ'ˆ, J. (2005). Overstretched European families up against the demands of work and care. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell. Razavi, S., & Hassim, S. (2006). Gender and social policy in a global context: uncovering the gendered structure of ‘the social’. New York: Palgrave Macmillan The European Model. (n.d.). What we can learn from how other nations support families that work. Retrieved May 29, 2014, fromhttp://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Europe/European_Model_Families.html Source document

How to Write a University Essay

How to Write a University Essay A lot of university students have troubles in writing university essays. There are a lot of tips on how to write an excellent university essay assigned by professors and teachers. We can provide you with essential university essay writing tips. University and college essays are typical in many ways. They are assigned for the same reasons and in the same forms. However, there is a difference in the degree of complexity. The first four years in College or University when you are studying to get a bachelor degree, students have the same level of complexity. You will be taught to solve different problems and analyze many cases, but it won’t be more difficult than in the College. However, University offers several kinds of degrees in various spheres, such as master’s degrees and doctoral degrees, which requires an additional year of study. When you apply for this other year, the tasks become much more complicated than before. Not only tuitions are higher as well as responsibilities for your education, problems, and requirement for their solutions are higher either. The essay will need more time and efforts to just solving the problem. To be a successful student you will need to be a master of writing and analysis. To complete a successful university essay you should: Apply critical thinking process; Be good researcher; Be good writer; Know the material; Think creatively; Manage your time wisely; Return your essay on time. We have already helped many University students, and we are here to help you as well. Don’t hesitate. Let us become your remote assistant. Be prepared for your classes and receive good grades! With us, it is so simple! Our academic writers entirely know how to write university essay papers. For writing at university level essay, you need to be expert in the language of composition apart from being aware related subjective issues. Some of the areas you need to be aware of are: Details of topic and its academic requirements Prospective criticism on the essay from your teachers and evaluators Awareness of copyrights, proprietary issues, and plagiarism How to Write a University Essay How to write a good university essay is still a mystery for many. Writing an essay for university is more like an intellectual work than a physical labor that is why many are quite upset when given a task to write a university essay by their teachers. For writing at university level essay, you need to be expert in the language of essay apart from being aware related subjective issues. Some of the areas you need to be aware of are: Details of topic and its academic requirements Prospective criticism on the essay from your teachers and evaluators Awareness of copyrights, proprietary issues and plagiarism Good university essay writing skills, ability to explore related issues, an inquisitive mind and willingness to work hard are some additional requirements as well. To write a university essay you need to be more innovative, thoughtful and curious so that you could apply the concept properly without any technical problem. University essay needs an intensive bibliography and in text citation. So when you write a university essay you must have proper information about latest academic writing styles. Some of the writing styles followed by universities these days are APA Style, MLA Style, Turabian Style, Chicago Style, Harvard Style and ASA Style. If you don’t have any information about plagiarism issues, you cannot write a university essay. For any support or guidance on how to write a college, school or university essay; you can visit customwritings.com and find solutions to your essay needs.

Famous Quotes of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius

Famous Quotes of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus) was a respected Roman Emperor  (161–180 CE), a philosopher-king who was the last of Romes so-called Five Good Emperors.  His death in 180 was regarded as the end of the  Pax Romana  and the beginning of instability that led over time to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The reign of Marcus Aurelius is said to have symbolized the Golden Age of the Roman Empire. Known for a Rule of Reason He engaged in a number of wars and military operations aimed at quelling restive neighbors and in a costly and obsessive campaign to extend Romes northern borders. He was not best known for his military acumen, though, but for his thoughtful nature and a rule governed by reason. During his years of military campaigns, he recorded his day-to-day, discursive, fragmentary political thoughts in Greek  in untitled writings that came to be known as his 12-volume Meditations. Revered for His Stoic Thoughts in Meditations Many revere this work as one of the worlds greatest works of philosophy and a significant contribution to the modern understanding of ancient Stoicism. He practiced Stoicism and his writings reflect this philosophy of service and duty, finding balance, and reaching a state of stability and composure in the face of conflict by following nature as inspiration. But it seems his fragmentary, discursive, epigrammatic thoughts, though revered, were not original, but a reflection of the moral tenets of Stoicism, which the slave and philosopher  Epictetus had taught him. Notable Quotes From the Works of Marcus Aurelius A noble man compares and estimates himself by an idea that is higher than himself; and a mean man, by one lower than himself. The one produces aspiration; the other ambition, which is the way in which a vulgar man aspires. Accept the things to which fate binds you  and love the people with whom fate brings you together, but do so with all your heart. Adapt yourself to the things among which your lot has been cast and love sincerely the fellow creatures with whom destiny has ordained that you shall live. Anything in any way beautiful derives its beauty from itself and asks nothing beyond itself. Praise is no part of it, for nothing is made worse or better by praise. Because your own strength is unequal to the task, do not assume that it is beyond the powers of man; but if anything is within the powers and province of man, believe that it is within your own compass also. Begin. To begin is half the work, let half still remain; again begin this, and thou wilt have finished. Constantly regard the universe as one living being, having one substance and one soul; and observe how all things have reference to one perception, the perception of this one living being; and how all things act with one movement  and how all things are the cooperating causes of all things that  exist; observe too the continuous spinning of the thread and the contexture of the web. Death is a release from the impressions of the senses, and from desires that make us their puppets, and from the vagaries of the mind, and from the hard service of the flesh. Despise not death, but welcome it, for nature wills it like all else. Everything that exists is in a manner the seed of that which will be. Everything that happens happens as it should, and if you observe carefully, you will find this to be so. Execute every act of thy life as though it were thy last. Forward, as occasion offers. Never look round to see whether any shall note it...Be satisfied with success in even the smallest matter, and think that even such a result is no trifle. He who fears death either fears the loss of sensation or a different kind of sensation. But if thou shalt have no sensation, neither wilt thou feel any harm; and if thou shalt acquire another kind of sensation, thou wilt be a different kind of living being and thou wilt not cease to live. It is not death that a man should fear, but he should fear never beginning to live. Let it be your constant method to look into the design of peoples actions and see what they would be at, as often as it is practicable; and to make this custom the more significant, practice it first upon yourself. Let men see, let them know  a real man, who lives as he was meant to live. Look back over the past, with its changing empires that rose and fell, and you can foresee the future, too. Loss is nothing else but change, and change is Natures delight. Natural ability without education has more often raised a man to glory and virtue than education without natural ability. Never let the future disturb you. You will meet it, if you have to, with the same weapons of reason which today arm you against the present. Nothing happens to any man that he is not formed by nature to bear. Nothing has such power to broaden the mind as the ability to investigate systematically and truly all that comes under thy observation in life. Nowhere can man find a quieter or more untroubled retreat than in his own soul. Observe constantly that all things take place by change, and accustom thyself to consider that the nature of the Universe loves nothing so much as to change the things that are  and to make new things like them. Perhaps there are none more lazy, or more truly ignorant, than your everlasting readers. Such as are your habitual thoughts, such also will be the character of your mind; for the soul is dyed by the thoughts. The act of dying is one of the acts of life. The happiness of your life depends upon the quality of your thoughts: therefore, guard accordingly, and take care that you entertain no notions unsuitable to virtue and reasonable nature. The universal order and the personal order are nothing but different expressions and manifestations of a common underlying principle. The universe is transformation; our life is what our thoughts make it. There are three classes into which all the women past 70 that ever I knew were to be divided: 1. That dear old soul; 2. That old woman; 3. That old witch. Time is a sort of river of passing events, and strong is its current; no sooner is a thing brought to sight than it is swept by and another takes its place, and this, too, will be swept away. We are too much accustomed to attribute to a single cause that which is the product of several, and the majority of our controversies come from that. When you arise in the morning, think of what a precious privilege it is to be alive- to breathe, to think, to enjoy, to love. Where a man can live, he can also live well. You have power over your mind- not outside events. Realize this, and you will find strength. Your life is what your thoughts make it.

Financial strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial strategy - Essay Example In the recent past, companies are adopting the value based management approach which is a formal systematic approach used in managing companies with an aim of achieving the objective of maximizing value creation and shareholder value (Chapman, Hopwood, & Shields, 2009, p. 1248). Value based management focuses on the key drivers of value thus helping companies achieve their objectives (Starovic, Cooper, & Davis, 2004, 2004, p.15-17). Increasing focus on core competencies has forced companies to outsource some services to ensure that they remain relevant in terms of their revenues and expenditure in comparison with their competitors. Knowing a company’s position is important because it is useful in defining and redefining strategies to improve profit margins and to capitalize on company’s strengths to enhance shareholder value creation (Starovic, Cooper, & Davis, 2004, 2004, p.10-17). Various methods have been used to measure the shareholder’s value but the most co mmonly used are the profitability analysis, Strategic Profit Mode (SPM), and the Economic Value Added (EVA) method. One of the common methods used to measure profitability is Return On Capital Employed (ROCE) which is the operating profit after tax divide by the net capital employed. However, a major criticism on this method is that it does not measure operating profits and capital employed the way investors do. Investors are concerned about economic profits and the amount of debt and equity invested in the business but these amounts may disagree with those used in company’s financial statements because of the accounting practices in use. For instance, accounting reserves which have to be accounted for in financial statements tend to understate economic profits and the amount of equity capital actually invested in the business. ROCE provides little guidance on the profitability level because of its shortcomings. Given the shortcomings of ROCE, SPM and EVA models are preferred because they enable the company to focus on shareholder value and provide a long-term orientation in their analysis. SPM and EVA are reliable, consistent, and therefore preferred over ROCE method. The Strategic Profit Model (SPM) measures the Return On Net Worth (RONW) of a company which is a tool used to measure the changes in the shareholder value in an organization. RONW is made of three components, which include net profit, asset turnover, and financial leverage. These components are used in the calculation of RONW and they can be controlled by the managers of a company (Viswanadham and Luthra, 2005, p.478). Net profit is the difference between sales and expenses and from it net profit margin is calculated which measures how efficiently a company manufactures and sells its products. Net profit margin is the net profit as a percentage of sales. Asset turnover is the sales divided by the total assets of a company and it shows how efficiently a company employs its assets to achiev e a given level of sales. The Return On Assets (ROA) is arrived at by multiplying the net profit margin with the asset turnover and it relates the profitability of a company to the value of assets employed. The financial leverage of a company provides the relationship between the total

Immigration and Ethnicity in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Immigration and Ethnicity in the US - Essay Example The immigration comprised of different people different from ethnicities such as German, English, Irish, and Norwegian Swedish among others that fluxed America as earlier as 1800s. In regard to the physical characteristics and behaviors of immigrants in this century, this phase of immigration was branded an old immigration. The old immigrants came into the United States to take advantage of the freedom and prevalent opportunities in America. They were mainly allured by the availability of cheapest lands, in accordance to the Homestead Act, and the economic ability to rise to riches from rags (Alba, 2009). The distinguishing traits for these old immigrants include: all came northern and western Europe, were Protestants by religion, were literate and skilled, came over as families and were quick to assimilate. Besides, they were also tall and fair, had money and experience of democracy, and sought freedom in a new land of America (cthomson, 2008). However, in the course of the century the America faced another phase immigration called new immigration peaked in 1907s. The new immigrant came mainly from the eastern and southern Europe. The new phase also had different people from different ethnicities and comprised of poles, Greeks, Italians, Croats Slovaks and Russians. The major drive of these new immigrants was the economic hardship and the enlarging gap between the poor rich in their nations. There was a considerable upsurge in industrial growth following the end of civil war in America. Therefore, the new immigrant came to secure the economic opportunities provided by new industries and improve their life financially. The traits that distinguished the new immigrants from the old one include: most came from southern and eastern Europe, were illiterate and unskilled, came over as birds of passage, were short and dark and, and arrive impoverished. In addition, they were also radicals and autocrats, clannish and reluctant to a ssimilate, and above all